EASA Module 4 · Electronic Fundamentals

Operational Amplifier (Inverting)

An inverting amplifier's gain is set by two resistors: A_v = −R_f ÷ R_in. The output is a bigger, upside-down copy of the input — until it clips at the supply rails.

Input Rin 10 kΩ

Feedback Rf 100 kΩ

Input amplitude 1.0 V

Gain (−Rf/Rin)

—

Ideal output

—

Rails

±12 V

State

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Blue is the input, green is the output. The gain magnitude is R_f ÷ R_in and the output is inverted (180° out of phase). If the demanded output exceeds the ±12 V supply rails, the peaks flatten — the amplifier clips (saturates).