<span class="bg-gradient-to-r from-amber to-amber-soft bg-clip-text text-transparent">Simulation library

Area of a Rectangle, Triangle & Parallelogram

Drag base, height and lean to see why a triangle is half its rectangle, and why leaning a parallelogram over changes nothing.

Circle: Area, Circumference & Sectors

Change the radius and watch circumference grow in proportion while area grows with the square, then cut a sector out.

Angles & Polygons

Add sides and watch the interior angles follow (n-2) x 180 while the exterior angles always total 360.

Volume & Surface Area of a Cuboid

A rotatable 3D box with its net laid out beside it, showing where the three matching pairs of faces come from.

Fractions, Decimals & Percentages

Slide a shaded bar and watch the fraction, the decimal and the percentage move together as one quantity.

Ratio & Proportion

Share a total in a given ratio, then see the same idea decide speed and torque on a gear pair.

Mean, Median, Mode & Range

Move one reading and watch which averages chase it and which barely move.

Weights, Measures & Conversion

Convert length, mass, volume and pressure with the same quantity shown on two scales at once.

Squares, Cubes, Roots & Indices

See a number as a line, a square and a cube, then check the index laws by combining powers.

Trapezium & Composite Areas

Build a section from a rectangle, a triangle and a semicircle, or cut a lightening hole, and add the parts up.

Volume & Surface Area of a Cylinder

Rotate a 3D cylinder and unroll its curved surface into the rectangle that explains the 2 pi r h formula.

Cone, Pyramid & Sphere Volumes

See in 3D why a cone holds exactly a third of its bounding cylinder, and a sphere exactly two thirds.

Pythagoras in Two and Three Dimensions

Find the diagonal across the floor, then stand it up as the base of a second triangle to reach the far corner.

Sine, Cosine & Tangent

Change the angle and watch the three ratios move while the triangle keeps its shape, with all three plotted.

The Unit Circle & Angles Beyond 90 Degrees

Sweep a rotating radius right round and watch sine and cosine change sign quadrant by quadrant.

Rectangular & Polar Coordinates

Drag a point and convert between (x, y) and (r, theta) both ways, with the quadrant correction handled.

Straight-Line Graphs & Simultaneous Equations

Set two lines with y = mx + c and find the crossing point that solves both equations at once.

Quadratic Equations & the Parabola

Change a, b and c and let the discriminant tell you in advance how many real roots the curve will have.

Logarithms & Log Scales

See the same numbers on a linear and a log scale, and why a log scale squeezes a huge range into something readable.

Physics

23 sims

Bernoulli & the Venturi

Squeeze flow through a rotatable 3D venturi and watch the standpipes fall as the throat speeds the air up, with a carburettor fuel jet to show what it is for.

Gas Laws, PV = nRT

Vary pressure, volume and temperature on an ideal gas and see the combined gas law hold in real time.

Simple Harmonic Motion, the Pendulum

Swing a 3D pendulum, prove the period ignores the bob mass, and push past 20 degrees to watch the small-angle approximation break down.

Standing (Stationary) Waves

Superpose two opposite travelling waves to build a standing wave, fixed nodes and swinging antinodes for each harmonic.

Projectile Motion

Fire over a 3D ground grid and watch the horizontal velocity stay fixed while gravity works on the vertical, with the complementary angle landing in the same place.

Momentum & Collisions

Collide two 3D bodies elastically or inelastically and watch the bar chart hold momentum constant while kinetic energy drops away.

Energy Conversion (KE ⇄ PE)

Watch a pendulum trade potential for kinetic energy and back, with an option to add friction and lose energy to heat.

Hooke's Law

Stretch a spring and plot force against extension, F = k·x up to the elastic limit, then permanent deformation.

Kinetics in 3D, Linear, Rotational & Periodic Motion

Three kinds of motion on one rotatable 3D stage: a trolley under constant acceleration dropping one-second markers, a mass on a spinning disc with its centripetal force, and a pendulum whose period ignores the bob mass.

States of Matter

Heat a 3D box of molecules from ice to steam: a vibrating lattice becomes a sliding liquid then a free gas, with a heating curve showing why the temperature stalls at 0 and 100 °C.

Newton's Second Law, F = ma

Race two 3D trolleys under an identical push and watch the heavier one fall behind, with a = F/m plotted against mass.

Moments & Equilibrium

Load a 3D balance beam either side of its fulcrum and read the two moments as bars, the arithmetic behind spanners and aircraft weight and balance.

Levers & Mechanical Advantage

Work all three classes of lever in 3D, with mechanical advantage and velocity ratio live, and the force you gain paid for in the distance you move.

Friction, Static & Kinetic

Push a 3D block until it breaks free and watch friction rise to match the push, then drop to its kinetic value, plotted against the applied force.

Work, Energy & Power

Two 3D hoists lift the same load to the same height at different speeds: identical work, double the power, with work plotted against height.

Density, Specific Gravity & Buoyancy

Float or sink a 3D block in a tank of fluid, with the submerged fraction reading straight off the ratio of the two densities.

Pressure & Hydraulics

Pump a 3D hydraulic jack and see one pressure act on two piston areas, multiplying force by the area ratio and paying for it in stroke.

Temperature Scales & Thermal Expansion

Read one temperature on three scales from a 3D thermometer while a clamped metal bar grows into its expansion gap, ΔL = αLΔT for steel, aluminium and titanium.

Heat Transfer, Conduction, Convection & Radiation

All three modes on one rotatable 3D stage: heat crawling along copper against steel, a convection loop stratifying a fluid, and infra-red falling away as 1/d².

Pressure & Depth

Lower a probe into a liquid and watch the gauge climb, pressure P = ρ·g·h grows with depth and density.

Heat Transfer

Switch between conduction, convection and radiation in 3D, with Fourier, Newton and Stefan-Boltzmann worked live and all three rates compared side by side.

Specific & Latent Heat

Heat ice through melting and boiling and watch the heating curve, sloped for temperature rise, flat during a change of state.

Thermal Expansion

Heat a bimetallic strip and watch it curl and close a switch as the two metals expand by different amounts.

Electrical Fundamentals

17 sims

The DC Motor (3D), Why the Commutator Matters

Drive a 3-D armature between N and S poles, watch F = B·I·L turn it, and switch the commutator off to see the torque reverse every half turn and stall the motor.

Atomic Structure & Conduction

Rotate a 3-D atom, compare copper, silicon and sulfur, then apply an EMF to see why the valence shell alone decides whether a material conducts.

AC Generation, the Rotating Coil

Rotate a single-loop generator through a magnetic field and watch the induced EMF trace a sine wave in real time.

Electromagnetic Induction, Faraday & Lenz

Drive a 3D bar magnet through a coil, hold it still to prove a steady flux induces nothing, and watch Lenz's law reverse the current as it withdraws.

RC Charging & Time Constant

Charge and discharge a capacitor through a resistor and explore the time-constant (τ = RC) relationship.

Series vs Parallel Resistance

Build series and parallel networks and watch current, voltage drops and total resistance update live.

Ohm's Law, V = I × R

Set voltage and resistance and watch current and power respond, with electron flow that speeds up as current rises.

Transformer Turns Ratio

Rotate a 3D laminated core with its two windings, step voltage up or down with the turns ratio, then apply DC and watch the output collapse.

Reactance vs Frequency

Watch capacitive reactance fall and inductive reactance rise with frequency, and see where they cross at resonance.

Series LC Resonance

Tune L, C and damping R to move and sharpen the resonance peak, resonant frequency, Q factor and bandwidth.

Three-Phase AC

See three windings 120° apart produce three sine waves and rotating phasors whose instantaneous sum is always zero.

The Wheatstone Bridge

Balance four resistors so the galvanometer reads zero, then read the unknown resistance from the ratio.

The DC Motor

Vary current and field and watch a coil spin from the motor effect (F = B·I·L); reverse the current to reverse the spin.

The Voltage Divider

Move a potentiometer wiper to tap off any fraction of the supply, Vout = Vin · R2 / (R1 + R2).

Kirchhoff's Laws

Watch current split at a node (KCL) and voltage drops sum around a loop (KVL) in a series-parallel network.

AC Power & Power Factor

Change the phase angle and see real, reactive and apparent power split on the power triangle, cos φ is the power factor.

RC Filter, Low & High Pass

Sweep the input frequency and watch the output signal shrink past the cut-off, with a live waveform, a Bode plot and the -3 dB point marked, in low-pass or high-pass.

Electronic Fundamentals

9 sims

Diode Rectifier, Half & Full Wave

See a diode turn AC into DC, switch between half-wave and a full-wave bridge and compare the output waveforms.

Transistor as a Switch & Amplifier

Drive the base and watch a small current control a much larger collector current, switching and amplification (Ic = β·Ib).

Operational Amplifier (Inverting)

Set the resistors to fix the gain (−Rf/Rin) and watch the output amplify, invert and clip at the supply rails.

Closed-Loop Servomechanism

Command a position and watch a feedback loop drive the output to match it, see lag, overshoot and settling as you change gain.

Zener Voltage Regulator

Sweep the input and watch a Zener diode clamp the output at its breakdown voltage, a simple voltage reference.

Smoothing a Rectified Supply

Add capacitance or lighten the load and watch the ripple on a rectified DC supply shrink toward smooth DC.

LED & Photodiode

Drive an LED and watch it light a photodiode across the gap, current to light and back, as in an optocoupler.

Astable Oscillator

Set R and C to change the frequency of a self-running square-wave oscillator, f ≈ 1.44 / (R·C).

Diode Clipper

Chop the top, bottom or both peaks off a waveform with a diode and reference, see clipping shape the signal.

Digital Techniques / Electronic Instrument Systems

6 sims

ADC Resolution & Quantisation

Change the bit count and sampling rate to see resolution, quantisation error and aliasing for yourself.

The ARINC 429 Word

Build a 32-bit ARINC 429 word field by field, label in octal, SDI, data, SSM and the odd-parity bit.

The Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle

Step a processor through its instruction cycle and watch the address, data and control buses in action.

Half Adder & Full Adder

Toggle inputs and carry bits to see how gate-level half and full adders perform binary addition.

Logic Gate Playground

Wire up AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and XOR gates and observe live truth-table behaviour.

Number-System Converter

Convert interactively between binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal and BCD.

Materials & Hardware

3 sims

Module 6

Stress, Strain & the Tensile Test

Pull a test specimen and trace the stress-strain curve through the elastic limit, yield and fracture.

Module 6

Galvanic Corrosion & the Area Effect

Pair any two metals from the galvanic series, add an electrolyte, and watch the anode corrode, then shrink it to see why a small anode fails fast.

Module 6

Gear Trains, Ratio, Torque & Direction

Set the tooth counts on simple, idler and compound trains and watch the gears turn at the real relative speeds, proving an idler changes direction but not ratio.

Maintenance Practices

2 sims

Module 7

Fits, Clearances & Tolerances

Pick a standard ISO fit and watch a 3D shaft meet its bush, with the real H7/g6, h6, k6 and p6 tolerance zones drawn to scale.

Module 7

Torque, Friction & Bolt Preload

Tighten a 3D bolted joint and see how little of your torque reaches the bolt, why lubrication doubles the preload, and what yielding does.

Basic Aerodynamics

4 sims

The ISA Standard Atmosphere

Climb through the ISA model and watch pressure, temperature and density change with altitude.

Lift, Angle of Attack & the Stall

Drag to rotate a 3D wing, sweep the angle of attack to grow lift, and watch the airflow separate into a turbulent wake at the stall.

Drag & the Minimum-Drag Speed

Combine induced and parasite drag to find the speed for minimum total drag (best L/D).

The Four Forces in Flight

Balance lift, weight, thrust and drag to see how an aircraft climbs, cruises and descends.

Turbine Aeroplane Structures & Systems

2 sims

Module 11

Flight Controls & Tab Types

Fly a 3D aeroplane on its primary controls, then fit a trim, balance, anti-balance or servo tab and watch the stick force change.

Module 11

Cabin Pressurisation & Differential Pressure

Climb to cruise and watch the outflow valve modulate cabin altitude, then fail it open or lose the air supply and see the cabin climb.

Helicopter Aerodynamics, Structures & Systems

2 sims

Module 12

Dissymmetry of Lift & Blade Flapping

Add forward speed and watch the advancing blade outrun the retreating one, then free the flapping hinges and see the rolling moment cancel, all the way to retreating blade stall.

Module 12

Autorotation & the Blade Regions

Fail the engine and watch the airflow reverse through the disc, with the stall, driving and driven regions moving along the blade as you work the collective.

Aircraft Aerodynamics, Structures & Systems

3 sims

Module 13

Autopilot Closed Loop & Gain

Follow the error signal round the loop, then set the gain and rate damping and watch the aircraft settle, ring, or go unstable on servo lag.

Module 13

Gyroscopic Rigidity & Precession

Tilt the case and watch the rotor hold its axis, then push on it and see the response appear 90 degrees round in the direction of spin.

Module 13

Pitot-Static System & Blockage Failures

Block the pitot probe or the static port in 3D and watch the airspeed indicator, altimeter and VSI produce the classic exam errors.

Propulsion

2 sims

Module 14

Turbine Engine Start Sequence

Run a normal start and watch EGT peak and fall back, then break it three ways: a hot start, a hung start and a wet start with no light-up.

Module 14

FADEC, Full Authority Digital Engine Control

Move the thrust lever and watch the EEC close the loop on N1, hold the EGT limit on a hot day, and swap channels automatically on a fault.

Gas Turbine Engine

2 sims

Module 15

Gas Turbine, the Running Engine

Rotate a 3D two-spool turbofan cutaway and follow the gas path, with pressure peaking at compressor delivery and temperature at turbine inlet.

Module 15

Compressor Stall & Surge

Slam the throttle and watch the operating point climb toward the surge line, then disable the variable stator vanes and bleed valve to see why it surges.

Piston Engine

2 sims

Module 16

Supercharging & Turbocharging

Climb a charged engine until the wastegate closes and find the critical altitude, then compare a geared supercharger with an exhaust-driven turbo.

Module 16

Four-Stroke Engine, the Otto Cycle

Rotate a 3D cylinder to watch the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft and poppet valves run all four strokes against the Otto-cycle PV diagram.

Propeller

4 sims

Blade Twist & Angle of Attack

Walk a station out along a 3D blade and see why it has to be twisted, with the velocity triangle and the angle of attack drawn at every radius.

Forces on a Propeller Blade

See the tonnes of centrifugal force on one blade, and watch the centrifugal and aerodynamic twisting moments fight over the blade angle.

Propeller Synchronising & Synchrophasing

Run two propellers a few RPM apart to hear the beat, then synchronise and synchrophase them and watch the waveform settle.

Constant-Speed Propeller & Governor

Drive a 3D propeller through fine, coarse and feathered pitch and watch the governor flyweights hold the selected RPM.