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Section 2.3

Thermodynamics

Temperature and temperature scales, the Cat A thermodynamics scope.

Notes

Thermodynamics (Cat A), summary notes

Main ideas
  • Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is, the average kinetic energy of its particles. Heat is energy that flows from a hotter body to a colder one.
  • Three scales are used: Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F) and Kelvin (K). Kelvin is the absolute scale, starting at absolute zero (−273°C), where particle motion stops.
  • Heat always flows from hot to cold, never the other way on its own.
Key formulas
Celsius to Kelvin
K = °C + 273
Celsius to Fahrenheit
°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32
Solved examples
  1. Convert 27°C to kelvin.

    K = °C + 273 = 27 + 273 = 300 K.

  2. Convert 100°C to Fahrenheit.

    °F = (100 × 9/5) + 32 = 180 + 32 = 212°F, the boiling point of water.

Simulation

Temperature scales & thermal expansion

Temperature Scales & Thermal ExpansionFull screen ↗
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Simulation

Heat transfer, conduction, convection & radiation

Heat Transfer, Conduction, Convection & RadiationFull screen ↗
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Mind map

Thermodynamics concept map

Thermodynamics

Quiz

Temperature quiz

Temperature (Cat A)

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  1. 1. Temperature is a measure of:

    Hotness or coldness
    Mass
    Force
  2. 2. The SI unit of temperature is the:

    Kelvin
    Celsius
    Fahrenheit
  3. 3. At sea level, water freezes at:

    0 °C
    100 °C
    32 °C
  4. 4. At sea level, water boils at:

    100 °C
    0 °C
    212 K
  5. 5. On the Fahrenheit scale, water freezes at:

    32 °F
    0 °F
    100 °F
  6. 6. On the Fahrenheit scale, water boils at:

    212 °F
    100 °F
    32 °F
  7. 7. Absolute zero is approximately:

    −273 °C
    0 °C
    273 °C
  8. 8. 0 °C expressed in kelvin is:

    273 K
    0 K
    373 K
  9. 9. 100 °C expressed in kelvin is:

    373 K
    273 K
    100 K
  10. 10. To convert °C to K you:

    Add 273
    Subtract 273
    Multiply by 273
  11. 11. To convert K to °C you:

    Subtract 273
    Add 273
    Multiply by 9/5
  12. 12. 25 °C expressed in kelvin is:

    298 K
    248 K
    25 K
  13. 13. The Kelvin scale starts at:

    Absolute zero
    Water's freezing point
    Room temperature
  14. 14. A device used to measure temperature is a:

    Thermometer
    Barometer
    Hydrometer
  15. 15. Between the freezing and boiling of water, the Celsius scale has:

    100 divisions
    180 divisions
    273 divisions

Instructor content

Instructor · Quiz

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