Electrostatic Sensitive Devices
Awareness of components that are damaged by electrostatic discharge, the risks involved, and the anti-static precautions that protect them.
Electrostatic sensitive devices, summary notes
- Electrostatic sensitive devices (ESDS), MOSFETs, CMOS ICs, microprocessors, memory and most modern avionics boards, are damaged by static discharges far below the ~3 kV a person can feel. Simply walking across a carpet can generate 10-15 kV.
- Damage may be catastrophic (immediate failure) or LATENT, the device passes test but fails later in service. Latent damage is why the precautions are mandatory even when the unit "still works".
- The wrist strap is the primary control. It contains a series resistor, typically 250 kΩ to 1.5 MΩ, so that charge on the operator DRAINS AWAY SLOWLY. The resistor also limits the current through the wearer if they contact a live conductor, it is deliberately not a short to ground.
- The full ESD-protected workstation adds a dissipative (not metallic) bench mat, a common bonding point, conductive or static-shielding packaging, ionisers where charge cannot be bonded away, and controlled humidity.
- ESDS items are identified by the black-and-yellow hand-in-a-triangle symbol, are shipped in shielding bags, and must only be removed from that packaging at a protected workstation.
- Never handle a board by its connector pins or edge-connector fingers; handle by the edges, and refit removed items into their original protective packaging.
- ⚠ Exam trap: the strap resistor is there to bleed charge gradually and protect the operator, a zero-ohm "hard short to ground" is wrong and dangerous.
- Wrist-strap series resistance
- ≈ 250 kΩ - 1.5 MΩ
- Human perception threshold
- ≈ 3 kV, damage occurs well below this
Why is a wrist strap fitted with a series resistor rather than bonded directly to earth?
Two reasons. The resistance drains accumulated static gradually instead of in a damaging high-current pulse, and it limits the current through the wearer to a safe value should they contact a live conductor while strapped.
An avionics card is removed and left on a normal workbench for an hour before refit, then works normally. Is any action required?
Yes. The ESD precautions have been breached, so the card may have suffered latent damage that testing will not reveal. It must be handled per the organisation's ESD procedure, quarantined or rejected as the maintenance data requires, rather than being accepted because it currently functions.
ESDS handling concept map
Electrostatic Sensitive Devices
Electrostatic sensitive devices quiz
Electrostatic Sensitive Devices, quiz (Level 1)
1. ESD stands for:
Electrostatic dischargeElectrical system defaultEmergency shutdown2. Static electricity can damage an electronic component:
At a level far too small for a person to feelOnly if a spark is visibleOnly in wet conditions3. When handling a static sensitive circuit board you should wear:
An earthed wrist strapRubber glovesA nylon overall4. A circuit board should be held by its:
EdgesConnector pinsLargest component5. Static sensitive items are supplied in:
Special protective packagingOrdinary cardboard boxesSealed pressure containers6. An ESD sensitive item should be unpacked:
Only at a protected workstationAnywhere, if done quicklyOnly after fitting to the aircraft7. A component damaged by static may:
Work at first and fail later in serviceAlways fail immediatelyRecover on its own8. Electrostatic sensitive devices are identified by:
A warning symbol on the item or its packagingA red painted stripeA serial number prefix