Piston Engine

The Otto cycle, the four-stroke and two-stroke sequences, compression ratio and engine efficiencies.

Power, mechanical efficiency, the factors affecting power, mixture strength, and detonation vs pre-ignition.

Cylinder arrangements, crankshaft and camshaft, cylinders, valves, pistons and valve timing.

Carburettors and carburettor icing, fuel injection, mixture control and priming.

Magneto ignition and its independence, dual ignition, the hot-mag hazard and impulse coupling.

Induction and alternate air, exhaust and the CO hazard, and air/liquid cooling with cowl flaps.

Restoring manifold pressure with altitude, engine-driven superchargers vs exhaust-driven turbochargers, wastegate and critical altitude.

Mineral vs ashless-dispersant oils and their jobs, wet- and dry-sump systems, and AVGAS grades.

RPM and MAP, CHT and oil temperature/pressure, and using EGT to lean the mixture.

Engine mounts and cowling, the run-up mag check, shock cooling, ground-running care and preservation.

Timed EASA-style Category B1 paper across all ten topic areas, 76 questions in 95 minutes, 75% to pass.